Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, cov teeb meem ntawm marine plastic pollution tau dhau los ua qhov hnyav zuj zus, thiab yuav tsum tau nrhiav kev daws teeb meem sai. Tsis ntev los no, cov kws tshawb fawb los ntawm Netherlands Institute of Oceanography (NIOZ) tau tshawb pom tias cov kab mob nyob hauv dej hiav txwv tuaj yeem ua rau cov yas polyethylene (PE), ua rau muaj kev cia siab tshiab los daws qhov teeb meem thoob ntiaj teb no. Cov txiaj ntsig kev tshawb fawb tau luam tawm hauv phau ntawv Journal Science ntawm Total Environment.
Yas degraders nyob rau hauv dej hiav txwv
Txoj kev tshawb no qhia tau hais tias cov fungus Parengyodontium album coexists nrog rau lwm yam marine microorganisms ntawm nyias txheej ntawm yas pov tseg thiab muaj peev xwm degrading polyethylene (PE), uas yog feem ntau cov yas nyob rau hauv dej hiav txwv. NIOZ's marine microbiologists, koom tes nrog Utrecht University, Ocean Cleanup Foundation, thiab cov chaw tshawb fawb hauv Paris, Copenhagen, thiab St. Gallen, Switzerland, tau tshawb pom tias cov fungus no tuaj yeem decompose PE rau hauv carbon dioxide.
Pab neeg tshawb fawb tab tom tshawb nrhiav cov kab mob uas ua rau cov kab mob hauv cov kab mob hauv cov pa phem nyob hauv North Pacific. Lawv cais cov fungi marine los ntawm cov khib nyiab pov tseg thiab coj lawv mus rau hauv chav kuaj siv cov yas tshwj xeeb uas muaj cov pa roj carbon monoxide. Kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias P. album yuav luag tsis siv cov pa roj carbon monoxide PE thaum degrading PE, tab sis hloov pauv feem ntau ntawm PE rau hauv carbon dioxide thiab emits nws. Txawm hais tias cov txheej txheem no tsim cov pa roj carbon dioxide hauv tsev cog khoom, nws cov nyiaj sib npaug ntawm cov neeg ua pa tawm thiab yuav tsis coj teeb meem ib puag ncig tshiab.
Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm ultraviolet hluav taws xob
Cov kws tshawb fawb kuj tau pom tias cov hluav taws xob ultraviolet nyob rau hauv tshav ntuj yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov fungi siv PE ua lub zog. Hauv chav kuaj, P. album tsuas tuaj yeem degrade PE raug ultraviolet lub teeb, uas txhais tau hais tias nyob rau hauv dej hiav txwv, cov fungus no tsuas degrade yas floating rau saum npoo ntawm hiav txwv. Ultraviolet hluav taws xob tuaj yeem tsis tsuas yog kho cov yas degrade, tab sis kuj txhawb cov txheej txheem biodegradation ntawm marine fungi.
Deeper fungal degradation muaj peev xwm
Txawm hais tias P Album tsis tuaj yeem rhuav tshem cov yas uas nkag mus tob rau hauv dej hiav txwv, thiab cov kws tshawb fawb kwv yees tias tej zaum yuav muaj lwm cov kab mob uas tsis pom hauv dej hiav txwv uas tuaj yeem degrade yas. NIOZ cov kws tshawb fawb qhia tias cov fungi marine muaj peev xwm decomposing complex carbon cov ntaub ntawv, yog li tej zaum yuav muaj ntau hom fungi koom nrog hauv cov yas degradation.
Qhov ceev ntawm cov pa phem yas
Txhua xyoo, tib neeg tsim tau ntau tshaj 400 billion kilograms ntawm cov yas, thiab nws cia siab tias tus lej no yuav tsawg kawg peb npaug los ntawm 2060. Ib qho loj ntawm cov khib nyiab yas thaum kawg ntws mus rau hauv dej hiav txwv, los ntawm thaj tsam polar mus rau tropics, ntab hauv dej. thiab poob rau hauv dej hiav txwv, ua dab tsi hu ua "yas kua zaub". NIOZ tus thawj kws tshawb fawb Vaksmaa tau taw qhia tias ntau cov yas ntim rau hauv subtropical ncig, uas yuav luag nyob ruaj ruaj, ua rau nws nyuaj rau cov yas kom dim thaum nws nkag mus. Nyob rau hauv North Pacific Subtropical Circulation ib leeg, kwv yees li 80 lab kilograms ntawm cov yas tau drifted, ua rau nws yog ib qho ntawm rau lub ntiaj teb loj ncig.
Nrog rau kev ua kom muaj kuab paug thoob ntiaj teb, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb rau kev tshawb nrhiav thiab kawm txog cov kab mob yas degrading ntau dua. Qhov kev tshawb pom ntawm Parengyodontium album muab cov kev daws teeb meem tshiab rau peb, tab sis peb tseem yuav tsum tau tshawb nrhiav thiab nrhiav ntau cov kab mob uas tuaj yeem degrade plastics nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig sib txawv los koom tes daws qhov kev sib tw thoob ntiaj teb no. Los ntawm kev siv zog tas mus li, peb cia siab tias yuav maj mam txo qhov kev hem thawj ntawm cov pa phem yas rau hauv hiav txwv ecosystems thiab tiv thaiv lub ntiaj teb yav tom ntej.
